Biosystems corresponding to enzymes, pathways, and complete cells have been more and more explored for biotechnological functions. Nevertheless, the intricate connectivity and ensuing complexity of biosystems poses a significant hurdle in designing biosystems with fascinating options. As -omics and different excessive throughput applied sciences have been quickly developed, the promise of making use of machine studying (ML) strategies in biosystems design has began to change into a actuality.
ML fashions allow the identification of patterns inside sophisticated organic information throughout a number of scales of study and might increase biosystems design functions by predicting new candidates for optimized efficiency.
ML is getting used at each stage of biosystems design to assist discover nonobvious engineering options with fewer design iterations. On this overview, we first describe generally used fashions and modeling paradigms inside ML.
We then focus on some functions of those fashions which have already proven success in biotechnological functions.
Furthermore, we focus on profitable functions in any respect scales of biosystems design, together with nucleic acids, genetic circuits, proteins, pathways, genomes, and bioprocesses. Lastly, we focus on some limitations of those strategies and potential options in addition to prospects of the mixture of ML and biosystems design.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Dkk-1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Dkk-1 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human Dkk-1
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Dkk-1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Dkk-1 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human Dkk-1
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Dkk-1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Dkk-1 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human Dkk-1
Description: DKK-1 is a member of the DKK protein family which also includes DKK-2, DKK-3 and DKK-4. DKK-1 was originally identified as a Xenopus head forming molecule that behaves as an antagonist for Wnt signaling. Subsequent studies have shown that DKK-1 and DKK-4 play an important regulatory role in the Wnt /β-catenin signaling pathway by forming inhibitory complexes with LDL receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5 and LRP6), which are essential components of the Wnt/βcatenin signaling system. LPR5 and LPR6 are single-pass transmembrane proteins that appear to act as co-receptors for Wnt ligands involved in the Wnt/βcatenin signaling cascade. It has been suggested that by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is essential for posterior patterning in vertebrates, DKK-1 permits anterior development. This notion is supported by the finding that mice deficient of DKK-1 expression lack head formation and die during embryogenesis. Recombinant human DKK-1 expressed in human 293 cells is a 35-40 kDa glycoprotein containing 235 amino-acid residues.
Description: DKK-1 is a member of the DKK protein family which also includes DKK-2, DKK-3 and DKK-4. DKK-1 was originally identified as a Xenopus head forming molecule that behaves as an antagonist for Wnt signaling. Subsequent studies have shown that DKK-1 and DKK-4 play an important regulatory role in the Wnt /β-catenin signaling pathway by forming inhibitory complexes with LDL receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5 and LRP6), which are essential components of the Wnt/βcatenin signaling system. LPR5 and LPR6 are single-pass transmembrane proteins that appear to act as co-receptors for Wnt ligands involved in the Wnt/βcatenin signaling cascade. It has been suggested that by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is essential for posterior patterning in vertebrates, DKK-1 permits anterior development. This notion is supported by the finding that mice deficient of DKK-1 expression lack head formation and die during embryogenesis. Recombinant human DKK-1 expressed in human 293 cells is a 35-40 kDa glycoprotein containing 235 amino-acid residues.
Description: Members of the dickkopf-related protein family (DKK-1, -2, -3, and -4) are secreted proteins with two cysteine-rich domains separated by a linker region. And DKK1 takes part in embryonic development through its inhibition of the WNT signaling pathway, binds to LRP6 with high affinity and prevents the Frizzled-Wnt-LRP6 complex formation in response to Wnts. DKK1 promotes LRP6 internalization and degradation when it forms a ternary complex with the cell surface receptor Kremen.DKK1 not olny functions as a head inducer during development, but also regulates joint remodeling and bone formation, which suggests roles for DKK1 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and multiple myeloma. More recently research reported, DKK1 impacts eye development from a defined developmental time point on, and is critical for lens separation from the surface ectoderm via β-catenin mediated Pdgfrα and E-cadherin expression.
Description: Members of the dickkopf-related protein family (DKK-1, -2, -3, and -4) are secreted proteins with two cysteine-rich domains separated by a linker region. And DKK1 takes part in embryonic development through its inhibition of the WNT signaling pathway, binds to LRP6 with high affinity and prevents the Frizzled-Wnt-LRP6 complex formation in response to Wnts. DKK1 promotes LRP6 internalization and degradation when it forms a ternary complex with the cell surface receptor Kremen.DKK1 not olny functions as a head inducer during development, but also regulates joint remodeling and bone formation, which suggests roles for DKK1 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and multiple myeloma. More recently research reported, DKK1 impacts eye development from a defined developmental time point on, and is critical for lens separation from the surface ectoderm via β-catenin mediated Pdgfrα and E-cadherin expression.
Description: Members of the dickkopf-related protein family (DKK-1, -2, -3, and -4) are secreted proteins with two cysteine-rich domains separated by a linker region. And DKK1 takes part in embryonic development through its inhibition of the WNT signaling pathway, binds to LRP6 with high affinity and prevents the Frizzled-Wnt-LRP6 complex formation in response to Wnts. DKK1 promotes LRP6 internalization and degradation when it forms a ternary complex with the cell surface receptor Kremen.DKK1 not olny functions as a head inducer during development, but also regulates joint remodeling and bone formation, which suggests roles for DKK1 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and multiple myeloma. More recently research reported, DKK1 impacts eye development from a defined developmental time point on, and is critical for lens separation from the surface ectoderm via beta-catenin mediated Pdgfralpha and E-cadherin expression.
Description: Members of the dickkopf-related protein family (DKK-1, -2, -3, and -4) are secreted proteins with two cysteine-rich domains separated by a linker region. And DKK1 takes part in embryonic development through its inhibition of the WNT signaling pathway, binds to LRP6 with high affinity and prevents the Frizzled-Wnt-LRP6 complex formation in response to Wnts. DKK1 promotes LRP6 internalization and degradation when it forms a ternary complex with the cell surface receptor Kremen.DKK1 not olny functions as a head inducer during development, but also regulates joint remodeling and bone formation, which suggests roles for DKK1 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and multiple myeloma. More recently research reported, DKK1 impacts eye development from a defined developmental time point on, and is critical for lens separation from the surface ectoderm via beta-catenin mediated Pdgfralpha and E-cadherin expression.
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of Human DKK-1 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of Rat DKK-1 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: Description of target: This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the dickkopf family. It is a secreted protein with two cysteine rich regions and is involved in embryonic development through its inhibition of the WNT signaling pathway. Elevated levels of DKK1 in bone marrow plasma and peripheral blood is associated with the presence of osteolytic bone lesions in patients with multiple myeloma.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: Quantitative Colorimentric Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 63 pg/mL
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Dkk-3 from Human, Mouse. This Dkk-3 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Dkk-3 at AA rangle: 80-160
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Dkk-3 from Human, Mouse. This Dkk-3 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Dkk-3 at AA rangle: 80-160
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Dkk-3 from Human, Mouse. This Dkk-3 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Dkk-3 at AA rangle: 80-160
Description: Members of the dickkopf-related protein family (DKK-1, -2, -3, and -4) are secreted proteins with two cysteine-rich domains separated by a linker region. And DKK3 has been proposed as tumour suppressor gene and a marker for tumour blood vessels. DKK3 is the only DKK family member abundantly expressed in normal lung, but silenced by promoter hypermethylation in a large fraction of lung cancer cell lines and lung tumors. Downregulation of DKK3 was correlated with tumor progression and expression of nuclear beta-catenin in lung tumors. Ectopic expression of DKK3 in lung cancer cells with DKK3 hypermethylation induced apoptosis and inhibited TCF-4 activity as well as nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and expression of TCF-4 targets c-Myc and cyclin D1. DKK3 modulates FGF and Activin/Nodal signaling to regulate mesoderm induction during early Xenopus development, was reported.
Description: Members of the dickkopf-related protein family (DKK-1, -2, -3, and -4) are secreted proteins with two cysteine-rich domains separated by a linker region. And DKK3 has been proposed as tumour suppressor gene and a marker for tumour blood vessels. DKK3 is the only DKK family member abundantly expressed in normal lung, but silenced by promoter hypermethylation in a large fraction of lung cancer cell lines and lung tumors. Downregulation of DKK3 was correlated with tumor progression and expression of nuclear beta-catenin in lung tumors. Ectopic expression of DKK3 in lung cancer cells with DKK3 hypermethylation induced apoptosis and inhibited TCF-4 activity as well as nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and expression of TCF-4 targets c-Myc and cyclin D1. DKK3 modulates FGF and Activin/Nodal signaling to regulate mesoderm induction during early Xenopus development, was reported.
Description: The dickkopf (DKK)-related protein family is comprised of four central members, DKK-1 - 4, along with the distantly-related DKK family member DKK-11 (Soggy), which is thought to be a descendent of an ancestral DKK-3 precursor due to its unique sequence homology to DKK-3 and no other DKK family member. DKK family members, with the exception of the divergent Soggy, share two conserved cysteine-rich domains and show very little sequence similarity outside of these domains. Playing an important regulatory role in vertebrate development through localized inhibition of Wnt-regulated processes, including anterior-posterior axial patterning, limb development, somitogenesis, and eye formation, DKKs have also been implicated post-developmentally in bone formation, bone disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. DKK proteins typically play an important regulatory role in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by forming inhibitory complexes with LDL receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5 and LRP6), which are essential components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling system. LRP5 and LRP6 are single-pass transmembrane proteins that appear to act as co-receptors for Wnt ligands involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade. DKK-2 has been shown to both inhibit and enhance canonical Wnt signaling; enhancing Wnt signaling through direct high-affinity binding of DKK-2 to LRP6 during LRP6 overexpression, while inhibiting Wnt signaling and promoting LRP6 internalization through the formation of a ternary complex between DKK-2, LRP6, and Kremen-2. Recombinant Human DKK-2 expressed in CHO cells is a glycoprotein that has a calculated molecular weight of 25.8 kDa and contains 234 amino acid residues. Due to glycosylation, human DKK-2 migrates at an apparent molecular weight of approximately 31-36 kDa by SDS-PAGE analysis under non-reducing conditions.
Description: The dickkopf (DKK)-related protein family is comprised of four central members, DKK-1 - 4, along with the distantly-related DKK family member DKK-L1 (Soggy), which is thought to be a descendent of an ancestral DKK-3 precursor due to its unique sequence homology to DKK-3 and no other DKK family member. DKK family members, with the exception of the divergent Soggy, share two conserved cysteine-rich domains and show very little sequence similarity outside of these domains. Playing an important regulatory role in vertebrate development through localized inhibition of Wnt-regulated processes, including anterior-posterior axial patterning, limb development, somitogenesis, and eye formation, DKKs have also been implicated post-developmentally in bone formation, bone disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. DKK proteins typically play an important regulatory role in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by forming inhibitory complexes with LDL receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5 and LRP6), which are essential components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling system. LRP5 and LRP6 are single-pass transmembrane proteins that appear to act as co-receptors for Wnt ligands involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade. DKK-3 has been shown to potentiate, rather than inhibit, Wnt signaling through interactions with the high-affinity, transmembrane co-receptors Kremen-1 (Krm1) and Kremen-2 (Krm2). Recombinant Human DKK-3 expressed in CHO cells is a glycoprotein that has a calculated molecular weight of 36.3 kDa and contains 329 amino acid residues. Due to glycosylation, Human DKK-3 migrates at an apparent molecular weight of approximately 39-49 kDa by SDS-PAGE analysis under non-reducing conditions.
Description: Description of target: Dickkopf-related protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DKK3 gene. This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the dickkopf family. It is mapped to 11p15.3. The secreted protein contains two cysteine rich regions and is involved in embryonic development through its interactions with the Wnt signaling pathway. The expression of this gene is decreased in a variety of cancer cell lines and it may function as a tumor suppressor gene. Members of the Dkk-related family display unique patterns of mRNA expression in human and mouse tissues, and are secreted when expressed in 293T cells. DKKs play an important role in vertebrate development, where they locally inhibit Wnt regulated processes such as antero-posterior axial patterning, limb development, somitogenesis and eye formation. In the adult, Dkks are implicated in bone formation and bone disease, cancer and Alzheimer disease.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich Immunoassay;Sensitivity: <= 10 pg/mL
Description: Endothelins are 21-amino acid vasoconstricting peptides produced primarily in the endothelium and have a key role in vascular homeostasis.
Description: Basic natriuretic peptide (BNP), now known as B-type natriuretic peptide (also BNP) or GC-B, is a 32 amino acid polypeptide secreted by the ventricles of the heart in response to excessive stretching of heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes).
Description: Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) is a polypeptide endocrine hormone structurally similar to insulin and is mainly produced in the liver when stimulated by growth hormone. IGF-1 is a growth factor that stimulates the proliferation of various cell types including muscle, bone, and cartilage tissue
Neuregulin/Heregulin-1? (NRG-1?/HRG-1?), human recombinant protein
Description: Neuregulin (NRG) is a signaling protein for ErbB2/ErbB4 receptor heterodimers on the cardiac muscle cells and plays an important role in heart structure and function through inducing cardiomyocyte differentiation
Recombinant Human Dickkopf-Related Protein 2/DKK-2 (N-Fc, C-6His)
Description: IL 1RL1 produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain (19-328 a.a.) and fused to an 8 aa His Tag at C-terminus containing a total of 318 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 36.0kDa.;IL 1RL1 shows multiple bands between 40-57kDa on SDS-PAGE, reducing conditions and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
MMP-1 Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Human Recombinant Protein
Description: MMP 1 Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 393 amino acids (100-469a.a) and having a molecular mass of 45kDa. MMP 1 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus.
PSG1 Human, Pregnancy Specific Beta-1-Glycoprotein 1 Human Recombinant Protein, Sf9
Description: PSG1 Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 394 amino acids (35-419a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 44.6kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 40-57kDa). PSG1 is expressed with a 6 amino acids His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: The Human Orosomucoid 1 produced from Human pooled serum has a molecular mass of 21.56kDa (calculated without glycosylation) containing 183 amino acid residues.
Description: Lectins, of either plant or animal origin, are carbohydrate binding proteins that interact with glycoprotein and glycolipids on the surface of animal cells. The Galectins are lectins that recognize and interact with β-galactoside moieties. Galectin-1 is an animal lectin that has been shown to interact with CD3, CD4, and CD45. It induces apoptosis of activated T-cells and T-leukemia cell lines and inhibits the protein phosphatase activity of CD45. Recombinant human Galectin-1 is a 14.5 kDa protein containing 134 amino acid residues.
Description: Gremlin-1 (isoform-1) belongs to a group of diffusible proteins which bind to ligands of the TGF-β family and regulate their activity by inhibiting their access to signaling receptors. The interplay between TGF-β ligands and their natural antagonists has major biological significance during development processes, in which cellular response can vary considerably depending upon the local concentration of the signaling molecule. Gremlin is highly expressed in the small intestine, fetal brain, and colon and lower expression in brain, prostate, pancreas and skeletal muscle. Gremlin-1 regulates multiple functions in early development by specifically binding to and inhibiting the function of BMP-2, -4, and -7. It also plays a role in carcinogenesis and kidney branching morphogenesis. Recombinant Gremlin-1 is a 18.3 kDa protein containing 160 amino acid residues.
Description: Parathyroid hormone (1-34) (human), (C181H291N55O51S2), a peptide with the sequence H2N-SVSEIQLMHNLGKHLNSMERVEWLRKKLQDVHNF-OH, MW= 4117.72.
Description: PECAM is transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the Ig-related superfamily of adhesion molecules. It is highly expressed at endothelial cell junctions, and also expressed in platelets and in most leukocyte sub-types. The primary function of PECAM-1 is the mediation of leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and signal transduction. PECAM-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammation related disorders, including thrombosis, multiple sclerosis (MS), and rheumatoid arthritis. The human PECAM-1 gene codes for a 738 amino acid transmembrane glycoprotein containing a 118 amino acid cytoplasmic domain, a 19 amino acid transmembrane domain, and a 574 amino acid extracellular domain. Recombinant human PECAM-1 is a 572 amino acid glycoprotein comprising the extracellular domain of PECAM-1. Monomeric glycosylated PECAM-1 migrates at an apparent molecular weight of approximately 80.0-95.0 kDa by SDS-PAGE analysis under reducing conditions
Description: Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) is a secreted ligand for Tie-2, a tyrosine-kinase receptor expressed primarily on vascular endothelial cells and early hematopoietic cells. Ang-1/ Tie-2 signaling promotes angiogenesis during the development, remodeling, and repair of the vascular system. Transgenic mice lacking expression of either Ang-1 or Tie-2 fail to develop a fully functional cardiovascular system and die before birth. Postnatally, the angiogenic activity of Ang-1/Tie-2 is required during normal tissue repair and remodeling of the female endometrium in the menstrual cycle. Ang-1/Tie-2 signaling appears to be regulated by Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), a natural antagonist for Tie-2 that exerts its effects through an internal autocrine loop mechanism. In addition to suppressing endothelial cell activation by inhibiting the expression of adhesion and inflammatory molecules, Ang-1 enhances endothelial cell survival and capillary morphogenesis, and lessens capillary permeability. As such, Ang-1 has a potential to become an effective therapeutic agent for treating various endothelium disorders, including several severe human pulmonary diseases. The efficacy of cell-based Ang-1 gene therapy for acute lung injury (ALI) has recently been studied in a rat model of ALI (1). The results of this study show that such therapy can markedly improve lung condition and suggest that Ang-1 therapy may represent a potential new strategy for the treatment and/or prevention of acute respiratory distress injury (ARDI), a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Recombinant human ANG-1, derived from HeLa cells, is a C-terminal histidine tagged glycoprotein which migrates with an apparent molecular mass of 60.0 – 70.0 kDa by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. Sequencing analysis shows N-terminal sequences starting with Ser-20 and with Asp-70 of the 498 amino acid precursor protein.
Description: Apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) is a glycoprotein produced in the liver and intestine that is the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. ApoA-1 is involved in the reverse transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for recycling and excretion.
Description: Apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) is a glycoprotein produced in the liver and intestine that is the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. ApoA-1 is involved in the reverse transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for recycling and excretion.
Description: The WNT gene family compose of structurally related genes that encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been involved in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis.
(1-328) RAD51D (1-328 a.a.) Human Recombinant Protein
Description: RAD51D (1-328) Human Recombinant produced in E. coli is. a single polypeptide chain containing 351 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 37.4kDa. RAD51D (1-328) is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
NXPH1 Human, Neurexophilin 1 Human Recombinant Protein, Sf9
Description: NXPH1 Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 259 amino acids (22-271) and having a molecular mass of 29.7kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 28-40kDa).;NXPH1 is fused to 9 amino acid His-Tag at C-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
TGF-b-1 Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 Human protein
Description: Human Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 purified from Human Platelets having a molecular mass of 25kDa.;The TGF-b 1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Human Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) AssayMax ELISA Kit
Description: Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Human Recombinant also known as Monocyte Chemotactic and Activating Factor (MCAF) produced in E.Coli is a non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 76 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 8.6kDa. ;The MCP-1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
GAD1 iso1 Glutamate Decarboxylase 1 Isoform-1 Human Recombinant Protein
Description: GAD1 iso1 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 617 amino acids (1-594 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 69.3kDa. GAD1 iso1 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: TRAIL Receptor-1/DR4 and TRAIL Receptor-2/DR5 belong to the TNFR superfamily of transmembrane proteins and contain a cytoplasmic "death domain, " which can activate the cell's apoptotic machinery. These receptors are activated by binding to either membrane anchored or soluble TRAIL/Apo2L. Recombinant human soluble TRAIL Receptor-1/DR4 is a 22.7 kDa protein (215 amino acid residues) consisting of the TNFR homologous, cysteine rich portion of the extracellular domain.
Description: Neurotrophin-1 Human Recombinant (28-225) produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 199 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 22kDa.;The NNT-1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: HPSE Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 531 amino acids (36-543 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 60kDa.;HPSE is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus.
Description: ENDOTHELIN-1 (ET-1), the principal peptide of the endothelin family, has been shown to have a variety of biological activities in both vascular and nonvascular tissues, including the heart, the kidney, and the central nervous system.
Description: Amyloid ?-Peptide (1-40) (human), (C194H295N53O58S1), a peptide with the sequence H2N-DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIA-OH, MW= 4329.8. Amyloid beta (A? or Abeta) is a peptide of 36-43 amino acids that is processed from the Amyloid precursor protein.
Description: LAG-1 is CC chemokine that signals through the CCR5 receptor. LAG-1 is identical to MIP-1β (ACT II isotype) except for two amino acid substitutions; arginine for histidine at position 22 and serine for glycine at position 47 of the mature protein. LAG-1 chemoattracts monocytes, and exhibits activity as an HIV suppressive factor. Recombinant human LAG-1 is a 7.7 kDa protein containing 69 amino acid residues.
Description: SDC1 Human Recombinant produced in E. coli is a single polypeptide chain containing 262 amino acids (18-254) and having a molecular mass of 27kDa (molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear higher).;SDC1 is fused to a 25 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Neuregulin/Heregulin is a family of structurally related polypeptide growth factors derived from alternatively spliced genes (NRG1, NRG2, NRG3 and NRG4). To date, there are over 14 soluble and transmembrane proteins derived from the NRG1 gene. Proteolytic processing of the extracellular domain of the transmembrane NRG1 isoforms release soluble growth factors. HRG1-β1 contains an Ig domain and an EGF-like domain that is necessary for direct binding to receptor tyrosine kinases erb3 and erb4. This binding induces erb3 and erb4 heterodimerization with erb2, stimulating intrinsic kinase activity, which leads to tyrosine phosphorylation. Although HRG1-β1 biological effects is still unclear, it has been found to promote motility and invasiveness of breast cancer cells which may also involve up-regulation of expression and function of the autocrine motility-promoting factor (AMF). Recombinant human Heregulin-β1 (HRG1-β1) is a 7.5 kDa polypeptide consisting of only the EGF domain of Heregulin-β1 (65 amino acid residues).
Description: Cardiotrophin-1 Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 201 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 21.2kDa.;The CTF1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: IFN-?1 (also called IFN-?) is a lymphoid factor with potent antiviral antiproliferative and immunomodulatory properties. Human IFN-?1 is a 19.3 kDa protein containing 166 amino acid residues.
Description: IFN-?1 (also called IFN-?) is a lymphoid factor with potent antiviral antiproliferative and immunomodulatory properties. Human IFN-?1 is a 19.3 kDa protein containing 166 amino acid residues.
Description: ITGB1 Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 716 amino acids (1-728) and having a molecular mass of 79.4kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 70-100kDa). ITGB1 is fused to an 8 amino acid His-Tag at C-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
KLK1 Human, Kallikrein-1 Human Recombinant Protein, His Tag
Description: Kallikrein-1 Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 259 amino acids (25-262) and having a molecular mass of 28.7kDa.;KLK1 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
TPST1 Human, Tyrosylprotein Sulfotransferase 1, sf9 Human Recombinant Protein
Description: TPST1 produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 354 amino acids (26-370 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 40.6kDa (Migrates at 40-57kDa on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions).
NRN1 Human, Neuritin-1 Human Recombinant Protein, His Tag
Description: Neuritin-1 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain (Ala28-Gly116) containing 99 amino acids including a 10 aa His tag at N-terminus. The total calculated molecular mass is 11.02kDa.
PHPT1 Human, Phosphohistidine Phosphatase 1 Human Recombinant Protein, Active
Description: PHPT1 produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 145 amino acids (1-125a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 15.9kDa.;PHPT1 is fused to a 20 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
FOLR1 Human, Folate Receptor 1 Human Recombinant Protein, sf9
Description: FOLR1 Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 218 amino acids (26-234a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 25.6kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 28-40kDa).;FOLR1 is expressed with a 6 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
PGAM1 Human, Phosphoglycerate Mutase 1 Human Recombinant Protein, Active
Description: PGAM1 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 274 amino acids (1-254 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 30.9 kDa. The PGAM1 is fused to a 20 amino acid His Tag at N-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
TPI1 Human, Triosephosphate Isomerase 1 Human Recombinant Protein, Active
Description: TPI1 produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 269 amino acids (1-249a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 28.8kDa.;TPI1 is fused to a 20 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
DLK1 Human, Delta-Like 1 Human Recombinant Protein, HEK
Description: DLK1 Human Recombinant produced in HEK293 Cells is a single, glycosylated, polypeptide chain (a.a 24-303) containing 290 amino acids including a 10 a.a C-terminal His tag. The total molecular mass is 31.2kDa (calculated).
FSTL1 Human, Follistatin Like 1 Human Recombinant Protein, HEK
Description: FSTL1 Human Recombinant produced in HEK293 cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain (a.a 21-308) containing 296 amino acids including a 8 a.a C-terminal His tag. The total molecular mass is 33.8kDa (calculated).
GUK1 Human, Guanylate Kinase 1 Human Recombinant Protein, Active
Description: GUK1 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 217 amino acids (1-197 a.a.)and having a total molecular mass of 23.9 kDa. ;GUK1 is fused to a 20 amino acid His Tag at N-terminus and is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
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Synthetic Biosystem for Modulation of Interactions between Antigen-Presenting Cells and T Cells
T cell activation is triggered by sign molecules on the floor of antigen-presenting cells (APC) and subsequent exertion of mobile forces. Deciphering the biomechanical and biochemical indicators on this advanced course of is of curiosity and can contribute to an enchancment in immunotherapy methods.
To handle underlying questions, coculture and biomimetic fashions are established. Mature dendritic cells (mDC) are first handled with cytochalasin B (CytoB), a cytoskeletal disruption agent identified to decrease obvious mobile stiffness and discount in T cell proliferation is noticed.
It’s tried to imitate mDC and T cell interactions utilizing polyacrylamide (PA) gels with outlined stiffness akin to mDC (0.2-25 kPa). Completely different ratios of anti-CD3 (aCD3) and anti-CD28 (aCD28) antibodies are immobilized onto PA gels.
The outcomes present T cell proliferation is triggered by each aCD3 and aCD28 in a stiffness-dependent method. Cells cultured on aCD3 immobilized on gels has considerably enhanced proliferation and IL-2 secretion, in comparison with aCD28. Moreover, ZAP70 phosphorylation is enhanced in stiffer substrate a in a aCD3-dependent method.
The biosystem supplies an strategy to review the discount of T cell proliferation noticed on CytoB-treated mDC. Total, the biosystem permits distinguishing the affect of biophysical and biochemical indicators of APC and T cell interactions in vitro.
Graphene-based nanomaterials in biosystems.
Graphene-based nanomaterials have emerged as a novel sort of supplies with distinctive physicochemical properties and quite a few functions in varied areas. On this overview, we summarize latest advances in finding out interactions between graphene and biosystems.
We first present a short introduction on graphene and its derivatives, after which focus on on the toxicology and biocompatibility of graphene, together with the extracellular interactions between graphene and biomacromolecules, mobile research of graphene, and in vivo toxicological results.
Subsequent, we concentrate on varied graphene-based sensible functions in antibacterial supplies, wound addressing, drug supply, and water purification. We lastly current views on challenges and future developments in these thrilling fields.
Preface: Management and Design of Biosystems.
Biosystems are dynamic networks pushed by cross-scale interactions between molecules, cells, tissues, organs and organisms. Latest advances in our understanding of the spatiotemporal regulation and group of biosystems have stimulated exploration of novel approaches to regulate and design biosystems at a number of organic scales.
Such new approaches embrace synthetic cell synthesis, technology of embryoids/organoids, reconstitution and manipulation of life occasions corresponding to getting old and replica, and multidisciplinary approaches utilizing theoretical and engineering applied sciences. These control-and-design methodologies are anticipated to open up a new avenue to understanding life occasions in addition to to supply the idea for novel design methods in medical sciences.
Description: Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL4(KIR2DL4) is a Single-pass type I membrane protein and contains 2 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains.It belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. KIR2DL4 is expressed in all NK cells and some T cells. KIR2DL4 activates the cytotoxicity of NK cells, despite the presence of an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) in its cytoplasmic tail. The ITIM was not necessary for activation of lysis by KIR2DL4. The activation signal of KIR2DL4 was sensitive to inhibition by another ITIM-containing receptor. The activation-deficient mutant of KIR2DL4 inhibited the signal delivered by the activating receptor CD16.
Description: A polyclonal antibody against KIR2DL3/KIR2DL1/KIR2DL4/KIR2DS4. Recognizes KIR2DL3/KIR2DL1/KIR2DL4/KIR2DS4 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:2000, IHC:1:50-1:100
Description: A polyclonal antibody against KIR2DL3/KIR2DL1/KIR2DL4/KIR2DS4. Recognizes KIR2DL3/KIR2DL1/KIR2DL4/KIR2DS4 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:2000-1:5000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: KIR2DL4 Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Insect cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 458 amino acids (24-242 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 51kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 50-70kDa). KIR2DL4 is expressed with a 239 amino acids hIgG-His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antibody Detection.detection of Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antibody Detection.detection of Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antibody Detection.detection of Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antibody Detection.detection of Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) ELISA Kit
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Competitive Inhibition method for detection of Human Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody (Anti-AsAb) in samples from serum, plasma and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
ELISA kit for Human Anti-AsAb (Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody)
Description: A competitive Inhibition ELISA kit for detection of Anti-Anti-Sperm Antibody Antibody from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.
Description: Goat polyclonal antibody to human IgG. IgG is a monomeric immunoglobulin, with two heavy chains and two light chains. IgG can be found in blood and is the most abundant immunoglobulin, constituting 75% of serum immunoglobulins in humans. There are 4 subclasses (IgG1 (66%), IgG2 (23%), IgG3 (7%) and IgG4 (4%)) that can bind to many types of pathogens, protecting the body against them by complement activation, opsonization for phagocytosis and neutralisation of their toxins.
Description: This monoclonal antibody is suitable for studies of CD40 expression on cells and tissue sections and for studies of B-cell activation, proliferation and differentiation.
Description: This monoclonal antibody is suitable for studies of CD40 expression on cells and tissue sections and for studies of B-cell activation, proliferation and differentiation.
Description: This monoclonal antibody enables sensitive and specific detection of apoA1 in immunoassays such as ELISA. The presence of low amounts of detergent is necessary for binding. Tween 20, Triton X100 or NP40 can be used at a concentration of 0.001-0.5%.
Description: This monoclonal antibody enables sensitive and specific detection of apoA1 in immunoassays such as ELISA. The presence of low amounts of detergent is necessary for binding. Tween 20, Triton X100 or NP40 can be used at a concentration of 0.001-0.5%.
Description: This monoclonal antibody enables sensitive and specific detection of human apoE in immunoassays such as ELISA, immunoprecipitation and western blot.
Description: This monoclonal antibody enables sensitive and specific detection of apoE in immunoassays such as ELISA, immunoprecipitation and western blot.
Description: This monoclonal antibody enables sensitive and specific detection of apoB in immunoassays such as ELISA and ELISpot. The presence of low amounts of detergent is necessary for binding. Tween 20, Triton X100 or NP40 can be used at a concentration of 0.001-0.5%.
Description: This monoclonal antibody enables sensitive and specific detection of apoM in immunoassays such as ELISA, immunoprecipitation and Western blot.
Description: This monoclonal antibody enables sensitive and specific detection of human IgG in immunoassays such as ELISA. It is also suitable as coating antibody in subclass specific ELISpot.
Description: This monoclonal antibody enables sensitive and specific detection of human IgG4 in ELISA and ELISpot. In ELISpot it is recommended as capture antibody when detecting with biotinylated antigen.
